In which deployment models is application management the customer's responsibility?

In the context of deployment models, application management being the customer's responsibility pertains primarily to models that provide full control over the environment and the applications running within it. The private cloud model allows customers to have their own dedicated resources, ensuring they can manage their applications, configurations, and maintenance activities.

In the on-premise model, organizations have complete ownership and control of their hardware and software environments. This implies that all aspects of application management, including installation, updates, maintenance, and support, fall under the responsibility of the customer.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) also places the responsibility for application management on the customer, although it provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Customers must manage their applications and the environment they deploy on this infrastructure, which includes necessary maintenance and updates of software.

In contrast, models like Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS) often shift the application management responsibilities to the service providers because the applications and platforms are hosted and maintained by them. This leads to less direct involvement by the customer in managing the applications themselves.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the deployment models—private cloud, IaaS, and on-premise—where the responsibility for application management clearly rests with